La deuxième vague des unions régionales et Funiversalisme multilatéral

Multilateral universalism (WTO) and the "second regionalism"( 1987-1995) restart the theoretical debate between non-discrimination and preferential liberalization. The "second regionalism" favours the free trade model, is harder for third countries and increases marginalization of developing countries. It is defined by a complex systemic functioning which is not necessarily open and which enlargement does not inevitably lead to multilateral universalism.